Enhancing Sustainability in Project Management: The Role of Stakeholder Engagement and Knowledge Management in Virtual Team Environments

This research investigated the crucial correlation between stakeholder engagement and knowledge management, and their role in enhancing sustainability in project management, with a specific focus on the virtual environment. With the shift towards virtual solutions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the rise of remote work, it has become increasingly important to understand how these constructs interact in this new context. Through a web-based survey questionnaire and Structural Equation Modeling analysis, we found that both stakeholder engagement and knowledge management have a significant positive effect on sustainability practices in project management. Even more interestingly, these relationships remain consistent regardless of whether the project is conducted in a virtual or traditional environment. These findings have important implications for organizations across industries, as they can use these insights to improve sustainability practices in project management by focusing on the integration of stakeholder engagement and knowledge management in the virtual or presential environment. This study is the first of its kind to quantitatively investigate this connection, making it a valuable contribution to the field.

Study of Latin American consumption of local fruit and vegetables "0 Km”

Horticulture, with its different disciplines (Horticulture/Olericulture, Fruit-growing, Aromatic-Medicinal and Floriculture), has become more relevant, since the Covid-19 pandemic, with a greater appreciation of products from short chains. The objective was to evaluate the degree of knowledge, behavior and preferences of Latin American consumers, regarding the safety, quality and origin of local fruits and vegetables (F&H) produced and consumed within a radius of no more than 100 km, differentiated with the "Km 0” logo. An online survey was generated (GoogleForms): Study on the Latin American production and consumption of "Km 0" fruits and vegetables, within the framework of inter-institutional links (UNCPBA, UNMDP, UNSL, UCA and INTA CERBAS Area, from Argentina;UdelaR, Uruguay;UNAL and UniSalle, Colombia;BUAP, Mexico;UFRRJ, Brazil), from 03/09/2022 to 07/12/2022. The main topics were: Degree of knowledge of the F&H category "Km 0”;Perceived benefits;Predisposition to consume and acquire them;Degree of evaluation of the "Km 0” labelling;and dissemination campaigns;Places of purchase and changes since the pandemic;Valuation of having lists of local producers of F&H "Km 0”;Knowledge of the place of production of the F&H and assessment of the promotion of local productions;Knowledge of GAP;Acquired food and Assessment of the origin of F&H consumed. The surveys answered were 1127. Ignorance of the "Km 0” category was detected (60%), low consumption of F&H (17% consume 5 ≥ portions/day) although there is a high assessment of F&H in the diet (80%). The need for permanent training and dissemination, of the production and consumption of safe and quality F&H, in quantity and diversity, was evidenced. The pandemic was a turning point from which consumers became aware of the importance of the origin of the products consumed, preferring local F&H. © 2022, Asociacion Argentina de Horticultura - ASAHO. All rights reserved.

The impact of COVID-19 on the lives of persons with intellectual disabilities: A participatory research project from Madrid, Spain

This chapter presents the findings of a participatory research project on the impact of COVID-19 and the lockdown on the lives of people with intellectual disabilities in Madrid, Spain. It provides a brief overview of the social policy framework with regards to people with disabilities, and how the government responded to the needs of people with disabilities during the pandemic. The research was conducted by seven co-researchers with intellectual disabilities, who explored how people with intellectual disabilities in Madrid had experienced the lockdown and sanitary restrictions from March 2020 to November 2021. Participants included people living at home with their families, in group homes and in residential care. The findings are contrasted with other studies on the impact of the pandemic in Spain. The pandemic revealed the precariousness of the care system, and the urgent need to shift towards a human rights compliant service provision. Our study shows that people with intellectual disabilities experienced restrictions in different aspects of their lives during a longer period, that people living in residential care were more isolated and that there is a general concern with the future. People living in congregated settings were subject to higher restrictions. Some people had become care providers to their parents, and digital skills had been essential to keep in touch with partners, friends and family. Furthermore, people expressed a desire to regain their freedom, meet new people and a concern with lack of employment. © 2023 Adela Palazuelos Velayos, Adrián Corona de la Iglesia, Ángela Sánchez Castillo, Gema Alises Urda, María Gómez-Carrillo de Castro, Marta Sancho Suils, Paola Cauja Pilataxi and Víctor Sanz Moreno. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of Infant Regurgitation: Experience of the Working Group on Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction of the Latin American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN).

Introduction. The prevalence of infant regurgitation in Latin American children is between 8.0% and 9.4% according to the Rome III criteria. Objective. To determine the prevalence of infant regurgitation in Latin American children according to the Rome IV criteria and its possible as-sociations. Materials and methods. A descriptive observational study of prevalence type was carried out in seven Latin American countries. The Functional International Digestive Epidemiological Research Survey database was used to select the sample. Children under 12 months of age who were diagnosed with infant regurgitation using the Pediatric Rome IV Gastrointestinal Symptoms Questionnaire were included in the study. Results. 1802 infants (80.7% from South America, 6.7 +/- 3.8 months of age) were analyzed. Infant regurgitation was diagnosed in 6.8% (52.5% women;39.8% mixed race;46.7% Colombians);peak age: 6 months. There was a greater chance to present infant regurgitation in infants between 1 and 6 months of age, of indigenous race, from Central America, born by C-section, premature, treat-ed in a public institution, by a pediatric gastroenterologist and during the Covid-19 pandemic. There was a lower chance to present infant regurgitation in infants with complementary feeding. Conclusion. Infant regurgitation is frequent in Latin American infants, its prevalence is lower compared to that described in other countries, with risk factors such as race, origin, C-section, prematurity, site and level of care, and the Covid-19 pandemic. The protective factor is complementary feeding.Copyright © 2023, Sociedad Argentina de Gastroenterologia. All rights reserved.

Remote teaching as a compulsory alternative: public school under threat?

This article is part of the disputes to hegemonize a particular sense of the democratic public school in times of coronavirus, in which distance education becomes a mandatory alternative to educational policy. Conversing with post-structuralist theoretical contributions, the paper aims to analyze the processes of signifying terms such as universal access, democracy, school knowledge and learning such as mobilized in 2020 in the Pedagogical Action Plan of the State Secretariat of Education of Rio de Janeiro. This analysis offers empirical evidence for an understanding of the effects of the intensification, in the current pandemic context, of the discursive articulation of neoliberal interests which put the school under threat. By developing such an argument, we seek to explore, beyond the language of denunciation, possibilities to reinvent a possible school of afterwards. © 2022,Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa. All Rights Reserved.

Platelet-Rich Plasma for Vocal Fold Scar: A Preliminary Report of Concept.

INTRODUCTION: Vocal fold atrophy and scar can lead to loss of normal superficial lamina propria, negatively affecting the vibratory function of the vocal fold. These changes can lead to dysphonia, vocal fatigue, decreased volume, and altered pitch. Treatment options for these conditions are limited. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) consists of platelets, growth factors, and cytokines derived from the patient's own blood and is believed to activate tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to review the technical aspects of collecting PRP and injecting it into the vocal fold injection - based on our initial experience with this procedure. CASE: A patient with vocal fold scar was identified and enrolled in an ongoing prospective clinical trial study of a series of 4 monthly subepithelial vocal fold PRP injections, which was temporarily halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient underwent a single injection of autologous PRP into the left vocal fold. There were no adverse events during the study period. Subjective improvement in voice was noted at 1 month after injection with subsequent return to baseline over the next 4 months. Videostroboscopy performed on postinjection day 1 and day 7 and demonstrated no concerning exam changes. Compared to the preinjection baseline, the patient-reported voice-handicap index-10 (VHI-10) and voice catastrophization index were similar at 4 months following injection (20 to 20 and 4 to 3, respectively). Independent perceptual analysis of voice showed improvement at 4 months postinjection, compared to baseline consensus auditory-perceptual evaluation of voice 60 to 44. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary report was part of a prospective trial investigating the use of PRP to treat vocal fold atrophy and scar. This work highlights the technical considerations for injecting PRP into the vocal fold. Planned prospective enrollment in this study will help to validate the safety and efficacy of PRP injections.

Empathy, Social Media and Mental Health Indicators in Colombian' Social Crises

Evidence suggests that social crises impact mental health. However, empathy and access to information through social media might moderate its effect. This research examines the impact of empathy and social media usage and their relation to mental health among Colombians in two social crises: 1) the COVID-19 outbreak and 2) the Colombian national strike along 2021. Data from 314 adults were collected via eight online questionaries. Results indicated that participants in both crises spent vast amount of time in social media sites;positive association between usage of social media networks, anxiety, and traumatic stress measures;negative association between empathy and mental health indicators;and lower well-being and mental health indicators in participants that spent more time in social media sites. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that participants spending more time in social media with high empathy indicators and lower educational level are more likely to report worse mental health measures. In summary, this study has found that empathy moderates the relationship between social media usage and mental health in both social crises © 2022, Universitas Psychologica.All Rights Reserved.

Tumour characteristics associated with the response to treatment with 177Lu-DOTATATE at 12 months

Aim/Introduction: 177Lutetium-[DOTA,Tyr3]octreotate (177Lu-DOTATATE) is a type of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy that garnered FDA approval in January 2018 for the treatment of somatostatin receptor-positive gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumour patients.The objective of this study is to analyse if there is any tumour characteristic that is associated with the response to treatment with 177Lu-DOTATATE at 12 months. Material(s) and Method(s): Patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumour who received the first dose of 177Lu-DOTATATE between June/2017 and February/2021 at UCMHMNA were included. Clinical, analytical, histological, imaging test and survival data available in the clinical history until October/2021 were collected. Response at 12 months was assessed by morphologic and metabolic criteria (partial response vs stability vs progression). Result(s): 28 patients met the inclusion criteria: 67% male and age range 41-83 years. According to the origin of the tumour, 23 were digestive, 3 pulmonary and 2 of unknown origin. According to the degree of differentiation, 11 were G1, 13 G2, 3 G3 and 1 unspecified. 82.2% of the patients had received the 4 doses of 177Lu-DOTATATE. Among those who did not complete the regimen, 4 were due to tumour progression and 1 due to an adverse effect (grade 3-4 thrombocytopaenia). At 12 months, 4 patients achieved a partial response, 12 had a stable disease and 8 disease progression. 8 patients died: 1 due to COVID-19, 1 due to cardiac disease and 6 (21% of the sample) due to disease progression (being in 4 of them in less than 1 year). In the statistical analysis, the degree of tumour differentiation (G1-G2 vs G3) obtained a statistically significant difference (p<0.0002) in terms of response to 177Lu-DOTATATE treatment at 12 months. In contrast, Ki67, origin of the tumour, type of metastasis, PFS, and OS were not associated with the response achieved at one year. Conclusion(s): The degree of tumour differentiation is the only characteristic that has a statistical association with 177Lu-DOTATATE one-year treatment, with a higher percentage of tumour progression in the group G3.

Patient information videos on SACT to improve patient experience and access to information: A North/NE London collaboration

Background: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, oncology patients attended in-person educational sessions to understand the practicalities and side-effects of their planned systemic anti-cancer treatments (SACT). These were halted during the pandemic to minimise hospital attendances. Moreover, patients were unable to bring family or friends for support at consultations. Providing this key treatment information in a digital format using videos was proposed with these aims: 1. Improve accessibility of information. 2. Improve patient experience. 3. Improve staff experience and efficiency. Method(s): A network collaboration with the Royal Free London and North East London Cancer Alliance enabled consistency of information and increased exposure of the videos. A patient-centred approach was taken in developing the videos: 1. A baseline patient survey assessed current and proposed methods of communicating: patients received written and verbal information, but some felt they had been given 'too much' or 'not enough' information and 33% of patients reported a video would be helpful. 2. A patient focus group guided content: cannulation, real patient experiences and images of staff/facilities were identified as important. 3. The videos were translated into four languages to meet the needs of the local patient population. A multiprofessional team of doctors, nurses, managers and communications staff were involved in the development and production of the videos. Between November 2020 and September 2021, several Plan Do Study ACT (PDSA) cycles were undertaken to create, edit and review content in the production process, with patient and production team feedback throughout. Intervention(s): Three videos were produced covering an overview of treatment and the side-effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. These were disseminated via trust websites, YouTube and QR codes on posters. Learning outcomes of the videos were assessed by separate patient and staff feedback surveys. Result(s): 15 patients were approached prior to starting SACT to complete a questionnaire prior to and after watching the videos. Prior to watching the videos, 60% of patients felt they had not received enough SACT information, 73% were anxious about treatment. After watching the videos, 100% reported understanding of the common side-effects of treatment and how to contact the hospital for advice. 87% would recommend the videos to others, 73% would watch them again. 100% of staff surveyed agreed that the videos improved accessibility to key patient information. The videos answered common questions patients asked staff prior to starting treatment. Over six months, there have been >300 YouTube views. [Formula presented] Conclusion(s): Multilingual patient information videos are an effective way to deliver key information about SACT, improve patient experience and reduce anxiety. Next steps are to intensify signposting by increasing stakeholder exposure, and consider adapting the videos for national use. YouTube views will be counted to continue to monitor the use and sustainability of this intervention. Keywords: systemic anti-cancer therapy, digital, videos, patient education, patient experience, patient information, multilingual, staff experience, network collaboration, SACT, chemotherapy, immunotherapy Copyright © 2022

Building an Escape Room to Raise Awareness of Bullying and Cyberbullying

Aggressive conflicts are part of the natural social behavior of students in schools, which can lead to bullying when there is a form of discrimination or abuse of power, either because of their characteristics or their way of life (sexual orientation, gender identity, nationality, immigration status, ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, health, disability, religious beliefs, pregnancy, among others). In the face-to-face mode, the aggressors could be identified and in some way the conflicts were mediated by teachers or authorities of the institution. However, since education changed to a virtual modality caused by the global coronavirus pandemic, new forms of aggressive behavior have emerged with cyberbullying. In this new scenario teachers, parents and law enforcement should take an active role in raising awareness about bullying and cyberbullying. The main objective of this paper is to describe a proposal based on gamification strategy to prevent and raise awareness of aggressive behaviors among students in a virtual environment. The study focuses on three objectives: a) to study the use of visual methods based on microlearning and the techniques to engage students;b) to identify game scenarios and strategies to design an interactive Escape Room;and c) to evaluate the design and content with three experts in psychology. The results indicate that the Escape Room is a different alternative to understand the problems derived from Bullying and cyberbullying. In the future, we are planning to carry out an intervention with students from Ecuador and Colombia to evaluate the impact. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Successful Erasmus plus Projects: Some Case Studies

The analysis of successful projects provides valuable information for finding inspiration and learn from good practices to implement them in future projects. In the case of Erasmus+, there is a very rich project database with catalogued projects that allows access to them what is very useful to analyse the published data of good practice or success stories projects. In the research that is being carried out, reason for this article, a group of good practices or success story projects related to eLearning have been selected, they have been analysed based on the information found on the Erasmus+ Projects Results Platform, their coordinators have been surveyed to gather more information from the projects and interviews are being carried out with those coordinators whose projects have been, and continue to be, useful beyond the funding period even in the pandemic crisis. This article presents the methodology for the interviews and the first results obtained in four of them as an example. The main results for the success and sustainability have been the importance of analysing the needs of students and/or teachers in innovative themes, the integration of the project outcomes into the teaching-learning processes and a good relationship with the project partners. All that using ICT as a tool to better implement the project activities with an easy access from any place, at any time and with any type of device.

Artificial intelligence and legal education: its incorporation during the Covid-19 pandemic

The purpose of this study is to analyze the incorporation of artificial intelligence in the teaching of law at the university level during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important because the need for its incorporation is recognized, which would promote reading, critical thinking, investigative culture and improve the academic performance of law students. A qualitative research was developed, with a non-experimental design and an exploratory level. An instrument was elaborated, the same one that was validated by means of the Deplhi method. The instrument was applied to lawyers who work as teachers in Peruvian universities. The results show the importance of the incorporation of technology, which allows a virtual education process, becoming a complementary tool in the training processes, with which the replacement of teachers is feared. It was concluded that the incorporation of artificial intelligence in the training process of the law student is feasible because it would prioritize digital literacy. © 2022, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved.

Tourism and intangible heritage in the pandemic: the case of the historic center of Belem (CHB) do Para in the Brazilian Amazon

The present study aimed to analyze the patrimonialization in the historic center of Belem, of 04 intangible assets, Chiquita party, Pre-carnival, Carimbo and Arraial do Pavulagem. In addition to understanding how it was experienced, regarding public policies and impacts, during the pandemic period (2020-2021). The method used consists of qualitative research, direct observation, and monitoring of the social networks of the heritage assets examined by the study. Finally, the results showed that one of the strategies adopted for the dissemination of culture was the practice of lives

Let’s Play! or Don’t? The Impact of UX and Usability on the Adoption of a Game-based Student Response System

Remote teaching emerged as an alternative to face-to-face classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this scenario, teachers adopt formative assessments through different approaches. One of these approaches is Game-based Student Response Systems (GSRS). Kahoot! is a prominent GSRS widely adopted in the educational context. Previous studies investigated the effects and use of Kahoot! by students. Still, none of them reports the teachers’ perception of its Usability and User Experience (UX), attributes that influence the tool’s adoption. This paper presents the usability and UX evaluation of Kahoot! from the point of view of teachers and students. To comparatively visualize the difference in the experience of the two profiles of platform users, we included five students and five teachers in the study. The evaluation results showed that teachers were more dissatisfied, although the positive and negative emotions were similar for the two profiles. We then conducted interviews with the teachers to understand the motives behind their dissatisfaction. The interviews helped us determine which aspects related to usability and UX teachers perceived as critical during the use of Kahoot!. Copyright © 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved.

[Obesity, CKD and gender on the 30-day in-hospital mortality risk in adults with COVID-19]

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious health problem. The Mexican adult population has a high prevalence of obesity and chronic diseases that increase the risk of dying from this disease. Objective: To identify comorbidities predicting the risk of mortality at 30 days in hospitalized adult subjects with positive laboratory COVID-19 test and to evaluate the interaction between chronic diseases and gender. Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2020, in a western region of the Mexican Pacific. Data from 51,135 hospitalized patients with positive COVID-19 test were analyzed and were retrieved from a normative system for the epidemiological surveillance of viral respiratory diseases (SINOLAVE, according to its initials in Spanish). Death within the first 30 days from hospital admission was the main outcome and risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: The overall mortality rate was 49.6% and most of the comorbidities analyzed were associated with a higher risk of death. There were significant interactions between gender and obesity (p = 0.003) and chronic kidney disease (p = 0.019). The effect of obesity on the risk of a fatal outcome varied by gender: female, RR = 1.04 (95% CI 1.03-1.07);male, RR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.06-1.09). Conclusions: A high mortality was observed among the hospitalized patients analyzed and statistically significant factors associated with their risk were identified (gender, obesity, and kidney disease).

USEFULNESS of AN ELECTRONIC CONSULTATION SYSTEM between PRIMARY CARE HEALTH CENTERS and RHEUMATOLOGY DEPARTMENT of A TERTIARY HOSPITAL

Background: The EPISER study is the frst Spanish epidemiological study that has confrmed the great burden of rheumatic diseases in the general population: they consume a large quantity of health resources (doctor visits, medical products) and imply a high social impact in terms of work absenteeism. Rheumatic diseases represent almost 30% of Primary Care medical consultations in Spain1,2. Electronic consultation could be an alternative response to the increase of this demand, both to make an early diagnosis and derivation and to improve communication with Primary Care physicians3,4. Objectives: To analyze the demand of Primary Care and its resolution through the electronic consultation system of the Rheumatology Department of a tertiary hospital. Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of the data collected in the request and information system (Sistema de Peticiones Electrónicas, SIPE) that supports electronic consultation between primary care physicians of the health area and the Rheumatology Department of a tertiary hospital, between July 2020 and May 2021.The following variables were collected: age, sex, reason for consultation, response time in days and destination (primary care/outpatient follow-up). Descriptive statistics were used to present the results. Results: The last 500 consecutive electronic consultations registered in the system, referring to 496 patients, were collected. Mean age was 59.5±17.7 years;74.2% women. Mean response time was 2 days, median response time 1 day and range 0-45. The reasons for consultation (see Graph 1) were: osteoporosis assessment 55 (11%), treatment adjustment 50 (10%), appointment request 49 (9.8%), loss to follow-up 43 (8.6%), local-regional pathology assessment 39 (7.8%), infltration request 28 (5, 6%), suspected rheumatoid arthritis 19 (3.8%), fare 18 (3.6%), suspected polymyalgia rheumatica or giant cell arteri-tis 16 (3.2%), COVID vaccine consultation 14 (2.8%), Raynaud's phenomenon 13 (2.6%), monoarthritis assessment 12 (2.4%), assessment of polyarthritis 11 (2.2%), adverse effects of treatment 11 (2.2%), suspected spondyloarthritis 11 (2.2%), suspected psoriatic arthritis 8 (1, 6%), generalized pain 7 (1.4%), suspected Sjögren's syndrome 5 (1%), suspected systemic lupus erythematosus 1 (0.2%), suspected other systemic autoimmune diseases 9 (1.8%), others 81 (16.2%). Fifty-seven and four % (287) of the patients required an appointment at the Rheumatology outpatient clinic and in 42.6% of the patients (213) the electronic consultation was successful, so it was not necessary to refer the patient to the hospital. Conclusion: Forty-two and six percent of the queries were resolved thanks to the electronic consultation system in an average of two days, otherwise that patients would have been referred to specialized care. The main reasons for consultation were osteoporosis assessment and clarifcation of doubts about the treatment of patients who were already being followed up by the Rheumatology Department.

Smart Governance for Educational Sustainability: Hybrid SMEs & the 5th wave theory Towards Mapping the Future Education in Post-Covid Era

amidst the economic, social, and environmental disruption being faced due to the COVI)-19 outbreak, SMEs are being challenged with how best to ensure business continuity. As a result, business continuity and global supply chain performance are disrupted. Due to the damage caused by the outbreak of the Coronavirus, if the economic, social, and environmental losses are not addressed quickly, and practical policies and strategies are not adopted, the damage will be exponential. This means that many SMEs will face many crises in the future. Good governance has significant potential for sustainability & continuity of operations of the business, modernizing SMEs, business model innovation, new business development, improving public service delivery, addressing complex development needs and promoting prosperity, and may help achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations. In this regard, smart governance to support business strategies remains an important driving force for this transition, especially in the face of international market pressures and global competition. And it offers incredible opportunities to innovate, strengthen and improve efficient practices and bring many benefits. In the meantime, the role of education is vital for sustainability. Education for sustainability leads to the accumulation of human capital in organizations by improving individual skills, abilities, and competencies. Companies that have better sustainability training have enjoyed more sustainable growth and development by using high-tech and knowledge-based products. In today's increasingly complex social environments, many E-governance is working to ensure effective planning, implementation, and delivery of education policies. training in sustainable SMEs helps enthusiasts gain the necessary competence and skills to initiate sustainable enterprises. In fact, companies are no longer just legal in nature, and their main goal is not just profitability and accountability to shareholders. Companies have become citizens who are responsible for society and must become good corporate citizens. Innovative SMEs and their business ecosystems can be a major strength in achieving the goals of green technologies, the circular economy, as well as an innovation-enabling policy- and regulatory framework Therefore, educational sustainability and transition to hybrid organizations are a necessity. In this paper, we are going to introduce a new concept which titled "Hybrid SMEs/SME 5.0 or Tomorrow's SMEs" through the 5th wave theory towards mapping the future education with using the smart governance.

Prevalence and correlation of IgG in patients infected by SARS-COV2 attended at Hospital Dr. Santiago Ramón y Cajal, ISSSTE in Durango

introduction. In the immune system there are two types of responses: rapid and unspecified innate immune response, and one adaptive response, slower but capable of creating memory. objective. To identify the prevalence of the igg in sars-cov-2 infected patients at issste Hospital in Durango. material and methods. Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study;igg concentration was measured in 33 sars-cov-2 infected patients, the chemiluminescence method was used in the Architect i 2000 sr®;a concentration ≥1.4 was considered positive, it was expressed in conventional units. The spss v24, descriptive statistics, ji2 of Bartlett, t of student, “r” of Pearson with ic95% and p<0.05 were used as a reference point. The information obtained was kept anonymous. results. An media of 42.7 years was obtained, out of which the 60.6% were male, the media igg concentration was 3.8 conventional units, symptoms persisted 9.5 days, and between the beginning of the symptoms and sampling, 104.2 days elapsed;the 87.8% of the patients had symptoms and 86.2% of them igg was detected. There was a positive correlation between igg concentration and duration of symptoms, this being significant. conclusions. igg concentrations will depend on how many days the symptoms last, there were patients that despite presenting symptoms, igg was no longer detected for 104 days, this also happened with patients classified as asymptomatic.

Reducing the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of patients with COVID-19

Background and Aim: Concerned by the alarming levels of spread and severity, on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic. The disease has spread worldwide and there have been 65.8 million reported cases and 1.5 million deaths as of insert date. Dental professionals and patients may be exposed to pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses that may infect the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction of the salivary viral load using oral antiseptic mouthwashes in patients testing positive for COVID-19. Methods: Sixty-three individuals were recruited after testing positive for COVID-19 by real-time RT-PCR assay and divided into five groups. Group 1 received sterile water, group 2 received 1.5% hydrogen peroxide solution (HP), group 3 received 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), group 4 received 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaClO), and group 5 received sequential rinses using CHX and HP. After collecting the initial saliva sample, individuals were asked to use the designated mouthwash for 1 min. Additional saliva samples were collected immediately after rinsing, 15 and 30 min after rinsing. Real-time RT-PCR assays for RNA detection of SARS-CoV-2 were performed on the saliva samples. Results: Compared to the baseline values, there was a significant reduction in the number of copies of SARS-Cov-2 after 30 min in Group 2, and immediately after the initial mouthwash in Group 4. There were no significant differences among the experimental groups and the control group in any period. Conclusions: Although the mouthwashes containing 0.1% NaClO or 1.5% HP reduced the viral load compared to the baseline values, there were no significant differences compared to the control group.